Retinal Disparity, Figure-Ground perception, and Interposition

Retinal Disparity- the brain compares an image from each eyeball and then computes the distance. The first picture shows the pencil from the view of the left eye while the second picture shows the view of the pencil from the right eye. From these two pictures, the brain determines that the pencil is very close.

 This picture demonstrates figure-ground perception which is the organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground). The letters B, S, and U are the figures while the orange wall is the ground.

 This picture demonstrates the monocular cue of interposition where if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer. The axe spray is perceived as closer because it partially blocks the view of the pumpkin.